Drive Sustainability with Industry 4.0

WRITTEN BY

Dipankar Saha

06th April 2023

Sustainability and Its Relevance for Manufacturing Organizations

Furthermore, it is an even more important consideration for businesses and especially manufacturing organizations who anyway need to consume large amounts of energy, generate waste and GHG emissions, and thereby may affect the environment due to the nature of their business activity. With the physical threats to the planet and environment and also government taxes and regulations to optimize the above, organizations nowadays must have a solid strategy to optimize and move towards net zero goals. So, what is the approach for managing and controlling the waste, energy usage, and overall sustainability, especially for manufacturing organizations?
Here comes the concept of Industry 4.0 which is another key consideration for manufacturing organizations to integrate and digitalize physical operations with the view of driving more benefits for the business such as optimizing resource downtimes, increasing yield, and improving quality. But improving sustainability, which is nevertheless one of the very important factors for consideration for both business and personal lives, can be one of the key outcomes of Industry 4.0 if strategized correctly.

Frameworks and Goals for Sustainability Measurement and Optimization

SDG defined in https://sdgs.un.org/goals as below:
SDG 1: No Poverty
SDG 2: Zero Hunger
SDG 3: Good Health & Well-being
SDG 4: Quality Education
SDG 5: Gender Equality
SDG 6: Clean Water & Sanitation
SDG 7: Affordable & Clean Energy
SDG 8: Decent Work & Economic Growth
SDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure
SD 10: Reduced Inequalities
SDG 11: Sustainable Cities & Communities
SDG 12: Responsible Consumption & Production
SDG 13: Climate Action
SDG 14: Life Below Water
SDG 15: Life on Land
SDG 16: Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions
SDG 17: Partnership for the Goals

Though many of the SDGs play an important goal for manufacturing organizations, SDG 12:
Responsible Consumption & Production and SD 13: Climate Action are the most relevant for
manufacturing industries generating emissions and waste which may impact the environment if not managed properly, along with the social and governance topics as well. The ESG metrics for an organization are quite important nowadays for regulators and governments, investors as well as customers.
Most of the emissions and waste for manufacturing organizations are generated during the manufacturing execution process in the factories which needs to be tracked so that it can be optimized. The emission is mainly categorized as:
Scope 1 – the emission which is generated by the organization directly and can be controlled directly by the same organization.
Scope 2 – the emission is generated by secondary sources such as energy providers which are consumed by the organization.
Scope 3 – other sources of emission which are related to transporters, service providers, etc. which are used by the organization.

Industry 4.0 as an Enabler for Sustainability Tracking & Controlling

To track and control the sustainability parameters as per the ESG framework you first need to do a materiality analysis to identify the factors that lead to the GH emissions and generating carbon footprint. Typically, the factors to determine the carbon footprint in manufacturing operations may be multiple, and below are some examples:

Scope 1:
– Quantity of emission of GH from manufacturing operations
– LPG consumptions in manufacturing operations
Scope 2:
– Electrical energy consumption in manufacturing operations
Heat/Steam consumptions (purchased directly) for manufacturing operations
Scope 3:
– Material inventory movements inside and to and from the factory and warehouses
– Quantity of waste generated from manufacturing operations
– Paper consumed in manufacturing operations
The approach to track and improve sustainability is depicted in the diagram below:

You need to have a mechanism to collect energy consumption, and waste generation along with yield data, and inventory movements from the manufacturing operations directly from the machines through sensors ideally. If a manufacturing execution system (MES) is implemented already, then most of the data for manufacturing operations may be captured and available from the MES itself, especially the yield data, as that is usually captured as part of the manufacturing execution process. The sensors, smart meters, and connectivity with the machines and production lines are important as that way you can ensure the accuracy and granularity of the data, which otherwise if captured through manual inputs only, may not be available to the fullest extent.

In case a single system is not available to collect and contextualize all the data needed from the manufacturing operations, you need to implement a data collection and contextualization mechanism, by collecting the data from different sources such as Plant Historian, Energy Management System, ERP, etc. and link it to the relevant master and planning data to determine the emission and waste generated-and energy consumed for unit production. You can leverage the event-based data collection mechanism for the manufacturing plant into a loT platform which can collect the time-series data contextualized with the corresponding asset, from the sensors, gateway, or application through various connectivity protocols.

Though you can collect the Scope 1 & 2 parameters relatively easily, collecting Scope 3 parameters may be sometimes difficult and need collaboration with logistics partners, suppliers, etc.

After collecting and contextualizing the data, you need to move the data into a data warehouse and analytics platform where you can persist the data and create the analytics to continuously track and monitor the KPIs relevant to ESG and SDG goals.

Additionally, you may need to generate compliance reports for GHG emissions which need to be reported to the certification and government authorities in specific formats such as GRI Sustainability Reporting Standards.

The objective here is to determine the carbon footprint across all your processes from the emission, energy consumption, and other processes that are generated or consumed in the manufacturing process. But at the same time, it is needed to correlate the sustainability data with the work centers or production line and the yield to determine the carbon footprint for each production line or unit of production based on the process and type of assets and materials. For certain data such as GHG emission, it may or may not be possible to collect for each machine or production line, though it is recommended and ideal by placing the sensors and smart meters if the data can be collected for each machine. In case the data you are collecting are not for if the data can be collected for each machine. In case the data you are collecting are not for specific machines or production lines and for an area/unit, group of machines, or production lines, you need to use an algorithm to distribute the data across the individual machines or production lines based on yield, process type, etc.

To derive the carbon footprint for each type of emission or materiality, you can use the different solutions or APIs available to calculate the carbon footprint from an emission or activity type. There are quite a few solutions and public APIs available using which you can calculate the carbon footprint for energy usage, emission, paper consumed, etc.

Collecting the above data and aggregating and contextualizing them, you can provide the analytics dashboard to show the trend of carbon footprint across the different operations and production lines and measure its correlation with the yield. Also, you can use machine learning models to predict the different emissions based on the production activities so that you can optimize them during the production planning. It is also important to take action to control or mitigate the carbon footprint wherever possible.

Analyzing the sustainability metrics you can identify certain actions to optimize the carbon footprint e.g. distributing the yield across production lines, checking maintenance or replacement of machines where needed, using alternate materials, etc. For each action identified and proposed you can define a workflow or tracking mechanism to implement the same and then again analyze the carbon footprint once implemented, thus tracking the reduction. It is also important to define and track the mitigation activities to counter the carbon footprint such as using solar energy instead of electrical energy, planting trees, etc. which also need to be tracked important to define and track the mitigation activities to counter the carbon footprint such as using solar energy instead of electrical energy, planting trees, etc. which also need to be tracked as your net zero activities and thereby determine the net zero achievements based on the total carbon footprint generated and total carbon mitigated by the actions.

So as explained above Industry 4.0 approach can be utilized to effectively track and monitor sustainability metrics and also to optimize them.